FAMILIARISE
YOURSELF WITH SANSKRIT
YOURSELF WITH SANSKRIT
LESSON – 4
Here are
some examples of the use of the seven vibhaktis:
some examples of the use of the seven vibhaktis:
प्रथमा विभक्तिः (nominative case,
subject)
subject)
रामः गृहं गच्छति Rama goes home
सः पुस्तकं पठति
He reads a book
He reads a book
सा उद्याने खेलति
She plays in the park
She plays in the park
In the
above examples the underlined words are in the nominative case.
above examples the underlined words are in the nominative case.
द्वितीया विभक्तिः (accusative case,
direct object)
direct object)
अहं विद्यालयं गच्छामि I go to school
त्वं पुस्तकं पठसि you read a book
सः रामं नमति He prostrates before Rama
सा गृहं गच्छति She goes home
In the
above examples the underlined words are in the accusative case.
above examples the underlined words are in the accusative case.
तृतीया विभक्तिः (instrumental
case)
case)
सः वामहस्तेन लिखति
He writes with his left hand
He writes with his left hand
सा कर्णाभ्यां श्रुणोमि I hear with my ears
अहं नेत्राभ्यां पश्यामि I see with my eyes
त्वं रामेण सह खेलसि
you play with Rama
you play with Rama
अहं पादाभ्यां चलामि I walk with my legs
In the above examples the underlined words are in the instrumental
case.
case.
वमहस्तेन and रामेण are singular while
कर्णाभ्यां, नेत्राभ्यां and पादाब्यां are dual
कर्णाभ्यां, नेत्राभ्यां and पादाब्यां are dual
since, ears, eyes and legs are in pairs.
चतुर्थी विभक्तिः (dative case)
रामायः नमः Prostration to Rama
सः दरिद्राय धनं यच्छति He gives money to the poor
अहं भिक्षुकाय अन्नं ददामि I give cooked
rice to the beggar
rice to the beggar
त्वं रामाय फलं ददासि You give
fruit to Rama
fruit to Rama
रामः तृषिताय जलं यच्छति Rama gives
water to the thirsty
water to the thirsty
In the above examples the underlined words are in the
dative case. Note that in the third sentence फलं is the direct object (द्वितीया विभक्तिः) and रामाय is the indirect
object (चतुर्थी विभक्ति:). नमः and दा धातु (ददाति etc) always take चतुर्थी विभक्तिः with them.
dative case. Note that in the third sentence फलं is the direct object (द्वितीया विभक्तिः) and रामाय is the indirect
object (चतुर्थी विभक्ति:). नमः and दा धातु (ददाति etc) always take चतुर्थी विभक्तिः with them.
पञ्चमी विभक्तिः ( Ablative case)
अहं गृहात् आगच्छामि
I come from home
I come from home
छात्रः विद्यालयात् आगच्छति) The student
comes from school
comes from school
सर्पात् भयं भवति there is fear from snake
वृक्षात् फलं पतति fruit falls from the tree
मेघात् वर्षा भवति it rains from the cloud
In the above examples the underlined words are in the
ablative case.
ablative case.
षष्ठी विभक्तिः (possessive case)
रामस्य भार्या सीता Sita
is Rama’s wife
is Rama’s wife
कृष्ण्स्य वर्णः श्यामः Krishna’s complexion
is dark
is dark
अस्माकं विद्यालयस्य नाम The name of our school is
’सान्दीपनी विद्यालयः’ ‘Sandipani Vidyalaya’
अस्य बालकस्य वयः पञ्च वर्षाणि The age of this
boy is five years
boy is five years
युवयोः विद्यालयः कुत्र अस्ति? Where is your (plural) school?
In the above examples the underlined words are in the
possessive case.
possessive case.
सप्तमी विभक्तिः (Locative case)
अहं गृहे वसामि I live in the
house
house
अहं छात्रावासे न वसामि I
do not live in the student hostel
do not live in the student hostel
सः भोजनालये खादति
He eats in the hotel
He eats in the hotel
सा कार्यालये न खादति
She does not eat in the office.
She does not eat in the office.
चन्द्रः आकाशे प्रकाशति
The moon shines in the sky
The moon shines in the sky
In the above examples the underlined words are in the
locative case.
locative case.
संबोधने प्रथमा विभक्तिः
हे राम! अरे मित्र ! हे सीते ! etc.
