GITA GOVINDAM – CHAPTER 11

GITA
GOVINDAM
(गीतगोविन्दम्)

Gita Govindam, lyrical poetry in Sanskrit celebrating the love between Krishna and the gopis, specifically Radha, is authored by Jayadeva, the 12th century devotee-poet from Orissa. The basis for this work is the 5 chapters 29 to 33 of Srimadbhagavatam (known as Rasapanchadhyaayi) which describe the events leading to the rasaleela, the great dance on the banks of the Yamuna where each gopi thinks that Krishna is with her. Srimadbhagavatam, however, does not specifically talk about a gopi named Radha though Radha is described as the very heart of Krishna in some of the other Puranas.

The 
above theme has been developed in Gita Govindam to such an extent that
it  is known as ‘Sringara Mahakavya’
wherein  the predominant sentiment is sringara
(erotic sentiment) in all its various moods in relation to the divine love
between Radha and Krishna. The ecstasy of union,  the agony of separation, the anxious moments
of wait for the loved one are all treated with sensitivity and poetic
excellence.  The whole work is divided
into twelve chapters ( sargas), each chapter containing one or more prabandhas.
There are 24 prabandhas each containing couplets grouped into eights
called  Ashtapadis, songs with a
refrain specific to that 
Ashatapadi.  There are in all 24 Ashtapadis
in Gita Govindam. Each Chapter may have one or more slokas
in  different metres of Sanskrit poetry
interspersed with the Ashtapadis.  It is said that the Poet-devotee Jayadeva
would sing the Ashtapadis and his wife Padmavati would dance to the music.  There have been many choreographic works  to enact and present the Ashtapadis  as  a
dance drama. 
Given below is the
text of   the
Eleventh Chapter (एकादशः सर्गः) with a prosaic
translation in English for those who cannot follow the Sanskrit of the
original. The translation in no way can do justice to the poetic excellence or
the beauty of expression of the original.
CHAPTER-11
Prabandha-20
सुचिरमनुनयेन
प्रीणयित्वा मृगाक्षीं
गतवति
कृतवेषे केशवे कुञ्जशय्याम्।
रचितरुचिरभूषां
दृष्टिमोषे प्रदोषे
स्फुरति
निरवसादां कापि राधां जगाद ॥१॥
Having
made Radha happy by his conciliatory words,  Krishna,  decked in his fine clothes,  went to his arbour-bed for rest . It was
twilight which steals one’s eyes and someone spoke thus to Radha  who was decked out in her finery and was in a
cheerful mood. 
विरचितचाटुवचनरचनेन
चरणरचितप्रणिपातं
संप्रति
मञ्जुलवञ्जुलसीमनि केलिशयनमनुयातम्।
मुग्धे
मधुमथनमनुसर राधिके ॥१॥
O  Radha! Having spoken sweet words to you and
having bowed at your feet Krishna has retired to his arbour and is lying on his
bed. O pretty Radha! follow him, enemy of Madhu, into the arbour
.  
घनजघनस्तनभारभरे
दरमन्थरचरणविहारम्।
मुखरितमणिमञ्जीरमुपेहि
विधेहि मरालविकारम्॥२॥
(मुग्धे ….)
O Radha! Walking slowly with your heavy breasts and hips and
with the tinkling sound of the small bells in your girdle, imitate the swan in
your gait and (approach Krishna). O  pretty
Radha! etc.   
शृणु
रमणीयतरं तरुणीजनमोहनमधुरिपुरावम्।
कुसुमशरासनशासनवन्दिनि
पिकनिकरे भज भावम् ॥३॥
(मुग्धे ….)
Hear
the melodies from the flute of Krishna which are sweet and captivate the hearts
of young women.  Listen to the cuckoos
which praise the commands of Cupid.  O Pretty
Radha! etc.
अनिलतरलकिसलयनिकरेण करेण लतानिकुरुम्बम्।
प्रेरणमिव करभोरु!
करोति गतिं प्रति मुञ्च विलम्बम्॥४॥ (मुग्धे
….)
O
Radha!  whose thighs resemble trunks of
elephants! These creepers, with their hands of leaf buds waving in the wind,
prompt you to go to Krishna.  Don’t delay
any more. O Pretty Radha! etc.
स्फुरितमनङ्गतरङ्गवशादिव
सूचितहरिपरिरंभम्।
पृच्छ मनोहरहारविमलजलधारममुं
कुचकुम्भम् ॥५॥(मुग्धे ….)
O Radha! ask your
pot-like breasts,  adorned by a necklace
which is like a pure slender column of water, which are trembling as if in a
wave of passion indicating Hari’s embrace. Pretty Radha! etc
 
अधिगतमखिलसखीभिरिदं तव वपुरपि रतिरणसज्जम्।
चण्डि!  रणितरशनारवडिण्डिममभिसर सरसमलज्जम्
॥६॥(मुग्धे ….)
O
Radha! all your friends know that you body is ready for the love-fight. O
Chandi!  go to the rendezvous with your
girdle announcing your arrival, shaking off your shyness and in a joyous
mood.  Pretty Radha! etc
 
स्मरशरसुभगनखेन
सखीमवलम्ब्य करेण सलीलम्।
चलवलयक्वणितैरवबोधय
हरिमपि निजगतिशीलम् ॥७॥(मुग्धे ….)
Playfully
taking the support of your Sakhi with your hand having nails as the
arrows of Cupid, announce your arrival to Krishna by the tinkling of your
bracelets.

Pretty Radha! etc  
श्रीजयदेवभणितमधरीकृतहारमुदासितवामम्।
हरिविनिहितमनसामधितिष्ठतु कण्ठतटीमविरामम्॥८॥(मुग्धे
….)
May
this song by Jayadeva more beautiful than the necklace stay perpetually in the
throat of those whose minds always rest in Hari.  Pretty Radha! etc
सा मां द्रक्ष्यति वक्ष्यति स्मरकथां प्रत्यङ्गमालिङ्गनैः।
प्रीतिं यास्यति रंस्यते सखि समागत्येति चिन्ताकुलः॥१॥
स त्वां पश्यति वेपते पुलकयत्यानन्दति स्विद्यति
प्रत्युद्गच्छति मूर्छति स्थिरतमः पुञ्जे निकुञ्जे प्रियः॥२॥
Sakhi tells Radha: O Radha! Krishna in his dark bower
is immersed in thought thinking about you : “Radha will come,  she will see me, tell me about her love,
embrace every limb of mine and feel happy and engage in love play”. He mentally
visualises seeing you, trembles, bristles, 
makes love, sweats and when he recovers from his reverie, he swoons not
seeing you.
अक्ष्णोर्निक्षिप
कज्जलं श्रवण्योस्तापिच्छगुच्छावलीं
मूर्ध्नि
श्यामसरोजदाम कुचयोः कस्तूरिकापत्रकम्।
धूर्तानामभिसारसत्वरहृदां
विष्वङ्निकुञ्जे सखि!
ध्वान्तं
नीलनिचोलचारुसुदृशां प्रत्यङ्गमालिङ्गति॥३॥
O Radha! apply mascara (kajal)
 to your eyes, put tapinchcha blossoms
in your ears, adorn your head with blue lotus flowers, mark your breasts with
deer musk. This is how women deck themselves while going to the rendezvous
where they meet their  paramours.
Darkness completely envelopes these young women in dark blue clothes.  
काश्मीरगौरवपुषामभिसारिकाणा-
माबद्धरेखमभितो
मणिमञ्जरीभिः।
एतत्तमालदलनीलतमं
तमिस्रं
तत्प्रेमहेमनिकषोपलतां
तनोति ॥४।।
The
women of easy virtue on the way to meet their paramours are completely
enveloped by this darkness which is darker than the tamala  petals and which, like the touchstone for
testing gold, serves as the touchstone for testing their love.
हारावलीतरलकाञ्चनकञ्चिदाम-
केयूरकङ्कणमणिद्युतिदीपितस्य
द्वारे
निकुञ्जनिलयस्य हरिं निरीक्ष्य
व्रीडावतीमथ
सखी निजगाद राधाम् ॥५॥
         —-
Seeing
Hari,  radiant in gold and gem-studded
necklaces, armlets, bracelets, girdle etc, at the entrance to the love-bower
Radha was overcome by shyness. Her friend (sakhi )spoke to her thus:
गितगोविन्दम्अष्टपदी२१
मञ्जुतरकुञ्जतलकेलिसदने।
इह विलस
रतिरभसहसितवदने॥
प्रविश
राधे! माधवसमीपमिह॥१॥
O Radha with
face lit up in a smile with the urge for love sport in this beautiful
bower-house!  enter the bower and go near
Madhava
.
नवभवदशोकदलशयनसारे।
इह विलस
कुचकलशतरलहारे ॥२॥
(प्रविश …)
O Radha
with necklaces curling on your breasts! 
sport with Hari on the bed made of fresh ashoka blossoms. Enter
the bower…. 
कुसुमचयरचितशुचिवासगेहे।
इह विलस
कुसुमसुकुमारदेहे ॥३॥
(प्रविश …)
O Radha
of body as soft as flower!  Sport with
Hari in the clean bower-house made of heaps of flowers. Enter the bower…..
चलमलयपवनसुरभिशीते।
इह विलस
रसवलितललितगीते ॥४॥(प्रविश …)
O Radha
whose songs are full of rasa and melodious!  sport with Hari in the bower which is cool and
fragrant as the breeze from the malaya mountain. Enter the bower…..
विततबहुवल्लिनवपल्लवघने।
इह विलस
पीनकुचकुम्भजघने ॥५॥  (प्रविश …)
O Radha
of heavy breasts and broad hips! sport with Hari in the bower of thick  creepers and tender leaves. Enter the
bower…..
मधुमुदितमधुपकुलकलितरावे।
इह विलस
मदनशररभसभावे ॥६॥
(प्रविश …)
O Radha
urged on by the arrows of Cupid! Sport with Hari in the bower where bees
intoxicated by the flower honey are humming. Enter the bower…..   
मधुरतरपिकनिकरनिनदमुखरे।
इह विलस
दशनरुचि रुचिरशिखरे ॥७॥(प्रविश …)
O Radha
of radiant white teeth and beautiful tresses! 
Sport with Hari in the bower which is full of the sound of cuckoos
cooing. Enter the bower…..  
विहितपद्मावतीसुखसमाजे।
कुरु
मुरारे मङ्गलशतानि।
भणितजयदेवकविराजराजे
॥८॥ (प्रविश …)

O
Murari! Bestow hundreds of auspicious things on the king of poets Jayadeva who
creates all comforts for Padmavati. Enter the bower
…..  
त्वां
चित्तेन चिरं वहन्नयमतिश्रान्तो भृशं तापितः
कन्दर्पेण
च पातुमिच्छति सुधासम्बाधबिम्बाधरम्।
अस्याङ्कं
तदलङ्कुरु क्षणमिह भ्रूक्षेपलक्ष्म्यास्तव
क्रीते
दास इवोपसेवितपदाम्भोजे कुतः संभ्रमः ॥६॥
O
Radha ! Krishna has been carrying you in his heart for long and he is very much
tired and tormented by Cupid. He wants to drink the nectar of your lips which
are red as the bimba fruit. Adorn his lap for a few seconds; don’t be
agitated; he has been bought over by the beauty of your arched eyebrows and is
bowing down at your lotus feet.  
               
गितगोविन्दम्अष्टपदी२२
सा ससाध्वससानन्दं
गोविन्दे लोललोचना।
शिञ्जानमञ्जुमञ्जीरं
प्रविवेश निवेशनम् ॥७॥
With fear and joy she glanced at Govinda with wavering
eyes and entered the bower-house with her pretty anklets tinkling.
अष्टपदी२२
राधावदनविलोकनविकसितविविधविकारविभङ्गम्।
जलनिधिमिव विधुमण्डलदर्शनतरलिततुङ्गतरङ्गम्॥१॥
हरिमेकरसं चिरमभिलषितविलासम्।
सा ददर्श गुरुहर्षवशंवदवदनमनंगविकासम्॥
Radha saw Hari who, like
the ocean with its tumultuous billows on a full moon day, was filled with
different moods and emotions on seeing her. She saw Hari, who had long been
desiring her with one emotion, his face in the grip of joy as well as of Cupid.
हारममलतरतारमुरसिततं परिलम्ब्य विदूरं।
स्फुटतरफेनकदम्बकरम्बितमिव युमुनाजलपूरम्॥२॥ (हरिमेकरसं…)
The pure white chain of pearls on Hari’s chest was
long and far-reaching like the foams on the dark waters of the Yamuna.  She saw Hari ….
श्यामलमृदुलकलेवरमण्डलमधिगतगौरदुकूलम्।
नीलनलिनमिव पीतपरागपटलभर वलयित मूलम् ॥३॥(हरिमेकरसं…)
The bright yellow silks
on his dark and soft body resembled the blue lotus flower surrounded by the
yellow-coloured particles of pollen . 
She saw Hari ..
तरलदृगञ्चलचलनमनोहरमदनजनितरतिरागम्।
स्फुटकमलोदरखेलितखञ्जनयुगमिव शरदि तडागम्॥४॥ (हरिमेकरसं…)
The liquid roving eyes were red with passionate love
as if they were a pair of khanjana birds on a lotus flower blooming in
the midst of a lake in Autumn.   She saw
Hari…
वदनकमलपरिशीलनमिलितमिहिरसमकुण्डलशोभम् ।
स्मितरुचिरुचिरसमुल्लसिताधरपल्लवकृतरतिलोभम् ॥५॥ (हरिमेकरसं…)
The two ear-globes
shining like the sun looked as if they were together examining the lotus-face
of Hari.  His lips red like tender leaves
were lighted up by a beautiful smile creating desire for love sport in women.
She saw Hari …
शशिकिरणच्छुरितोदरजलधरसुन्दरकुसुमसुकेशम्।
तिमिरोदितविधुमण्डलनिर्मलमलयजतिलकनिवेशम् ॥६॥(हरिमेकरसं…)
His hair adorned with
flowers resembled like dark clouds penetrated by the rays of the sun.  The mark on his brow by sandal paste
resembled the orb of the moon rising out of darkness.  She saw Hari …
विपुलपुलकभरदन्तुरितं रतिकेलिकलाभिरधीरम्।
मणिगणकिरणसमूहसमुज्ज्वलभूषणसुभग शरीरम्॥७॥ (हरिमेकरसं…)
Hari’s body was bristling,
he was excited about love sport and his body was handsome with the radiance of
the gem stones in his ornaments.  She saw
Hari…. 
श्रीजयदेवभणितविभवे द्विगुणीकृतभूषणभारम्।
प्रणमत हृदि विनिधाय हरिं सुचिरसुकृतोदयसारम् ॥८॥(हरिमेकरसं…)
Hari is adorned with twice as many ornaments as have
been described by Jayadeva. Instal in your heart Hari who is the essence of meritorious
deeds done by you 
अतिक्रम्यापांगं श्रवणपथपर्यन्तगमन-
प्रयासेनैवाक्ष्णोस्तरलतरतारं गमितयोः।
इदानीं राधायाः प्रियतमसमालोकसमये
पपात स्वेदांबुप्रसर इव हर्षाश्रुनिकरः ॥८॥
Now,  when Radha was looking at her dearest lover,
her eyes shed profuse tears of joy as if it was the profusion of sweat produced
in their (eyes’) effort to reach upto the ears transgressing their corners.
भजन्त्यास्तल्पान्तं कृतकपटकण्डूतिपिहित-
स्मिते याते गेहाद्बहिरवहितालीपरिजने।
प्रियास्यं पश्यन्त्याः स्मरशरवशाकूतसुभगं
सलज्जायाः लज्जा व्यगमदिव दूरं मृगदृशः॥९॥
Radha was sitting at the
edge of the bed and was concealing her smile in the guise of scratching her ear
or some other part of her body.  When her
friends left the bower she looked at the face of her lover who was under the
control of the arrows of Cupid. Then it was as if doe-eyed Radha’s shyness
itself fled ashamed
.    
जयश्रीविन्यस्तैर्महित इव मन्दारकुसुमैः
स्वयं सिन्दूरेण द्विपरणमुदा मुद्रित इव।
भुजापीडक्रीडाहतकुवलयापीडकरिणः
प्रकीर्णासृग्बिन्दुर्जयति भुजदण्डो मुरजितः ॥१०॥
Victory to the arms of
the slayer of Mura whose arms were dotted with the blood of the elephant, Kuvalayapeeda,
which was playfully killed by Krishna with his strong arms which were adorned
with mandara flowers by Lakshmi to mark this victory and which Krishna himself
adorned with saffron to celebrate the joyous occasion.
इति
श्रीगीतगोविन्दे शृङ्गारमहाकाव्ये राधावर्णने
सानन्दगिविन्दो
नाम एकादश: सर्गः


Sri P R Ramamurthy Ji was the author of this website. When he started this website in 2009, he was in his eighties. He was able to publish such a great number of posts in limited time of 4 years. We appreciate his enthusiasm for Sanskrit Literature. Authors story in his own words : http://ramamurthypr1931.blogspot.com/

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