FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH SANSKRIT LESSON 7

               FAMILIARISE  YOURSELF WITH 
SANSKRIT                                            
                                    
LESSON   7
                                     
In a previous lesson we looked at the different forms nouns of masculine
gender ending with ‘अ’ take in the eight vibhakties (including the
vocative).  We shall now look at nouns of
masculine gender ending with ‘इ’  and ‘उ’  and ‘ऋ’
इकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्ग शब्दः  ’कवि’ (poet)
          Singular    Dual        
Plural   
प्रथमा       कविः      कवी           कवयः
द्वितीया      कविं       कवी           कवीन्
तृतीया      कविना     कविभ्याम्       कविभिः
चतुर्थी       कवये      कविभ्याम्       कविभ्यः
पञ्चमी      कवेः       कविभ्याम्       कविभ्यः
षष्ठी         कवेः       कव्योः         कवीनाम्
सप्तमी       कवौ        कव्योः         कविषु
संबोधनम्   हे कवे       हे कवी         हे कवयः 
Here are some masculine nouns ending
in ‘इ’ which take their
Vibhakti  forms as
indicated above:
अतिथि guest  अरि enemy अलि honey
bee असि sword अहि snake
अञ्जलि salutation अवधि interval अराति enemy आधि mental strain
उदधि ocean उपाधि title, attribute कपि monkey कलि the age
of Kali
गिरि mountain ग्रन्थि knot जलधि  sea धनपति Kubera,
rich person
ध्वनि  sound  निधि  treasure नृपति king परिधि
boundary, limit, edge प्रजापति Brahma प्रतिनिधि representative पाणि hand बलि offering बृहस्पति  guru of devas  व्रीहि paddy भूपति  king यति
sanyasin रवि sun रश्मि  ray शशि  moon विधि  Brahma, fate,
order
वह्नि  fire व्याधि disease
सारथि
charioteer, driver सन्धि peace treaty
Joining सन्निधि
proximity सेनापति army chief  
उकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्ग शब्दः  ’शम्भु’  (Lord Shiva)
         Singular    Dual        
Plural
प्रथमा       शम्भुः     शम्भू       शम्भवः    
द्वितीया      शम्भुं     शम्भू        शम्भून्
तृतीया      शम्भुना   शम्भुभ्याम्    शम्भुभिः
चतुर्थी      शम्भवे    शम्भुभ्याम्    शम्भुभ्यः        
पञ्चमी     शम्भोः    शम्भुभ्याम्    शम्भुभ्यः 
षष्ठी        शम्भोः    शम्भ्वोः      शम्भूनाम्
सप्तमी      शम्भौ     शम्भ्वोः      शम्भुषु
संबोधनम्   हे शम्भो   हे शम्भू     हे शम्भवः 
   
Here are some masculine nouns ending
in ‘उ’ which take their
Vibhakti  forms as
indicated above:
अणु atom इक्षु sugarcane गुरु  teacher  चण्डांशु  sun  जन्तु  creature
तन्तु thread तरु tree  दस्यु  decoit देवदारु  a particular
tree  धातु metal प्रभु  Lord बन्धु friend बाहु  arm बिन्दु  drop, point भानु  sun
भिक्षु beggar मृत्यु death, Yama रिपु enemy रेणु particle वटु  brahmachari
 वायु  air विभु  all-pervading विधु moon शत्रु enemy
शिशु  baby सिन्धु  sea, ocean सूनु  son सेतु  dam हेतु cause
Hear are some adjectives ending in ‘उ’.  These also take their vibhakti forms
as in शम्भु in their masculine form.   Pl remember that adjectives change form
according to the number, gender, and person of the objects they qualify.
कृपालु  kind   दयालु  kind  श्रद्धालु
 faithful 
निद्रालु  sleepy भयालु  afraid संशयालु  doubting जिज्ञासु wanting
to know  पिपासु thirsty
मुमूर्षु  wanting to die बुभुक्षु wanting
to eat  लघु light पङ्गु lame भीरु fearful
 युद्धेच्छु
wanting to fight  युयुत्सु wanting to fight
ऋकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्ग शब्दः  ’पितृ’
           Singular    Dual     
Plural  
प्रथमा       पिता      पितरौ        पितरः   
द्वितीया      पितरम्    पितरौ        पितॄन्
तृतीया       पित्रा     पितृभ्याम्      पितृभिः  
चतुर्थी       पित्रे      पितृभ्याम्      पितृभ्यः
पञ्चमी      पितुः     पितृभ्याम्      पितृभ्यः
षष्ठी         पितुः     पित्रोः         पितॄणाम्
सप्तमी       पितरि    पित्रोः         पितृषु
संबोधनम्   हे पितः    हे पितरौ       हे पितरः 
Here are some masculine nouns ending
in ’ऋ’ which take their
Vibhakti  forms as
indicated above:
भ्रातृ (brother)  जामातृ
(son-in-law) देवृ (husband’s brother) नृ(man)
The following feminine gender nouns
also take their forms as per ‘पितृ’
मातृ  mother दुहितृ  daughter यातृ
husband’s brother’s wife
ननन्दृ (husband’s or wife’s sister)  However the 
exception is in  द्वितीया बहुवचनम् of the above words which ill be मातॄः,दुहितॄः, यातॄःand ननन्दॄ: 
ऋकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्ग शब्दः  ’दातृ’
         Singular    Dual        
Plural
प्रथमा       दाता      दातारौ        दातारः   
द्वितीया    दातारम्      दातारौ        दातॄन्    
तृतीया      दात्रा       दातृभ्याम्     दातृभिः  
चतुर्थी       दात्रे       दातृभ्याम्     दातृभ्यः
पञ्चमी      दातुः      दातृभ्याम्     दातृभ्यः
षष्ठी         दातुः      दात्रोः        दातॄणाम्       
सप्तमी       दातरि     दात्रोः         दातृषु
संबोधनम्   हे दातः    हे दातारौ       हे दातारः
Here are some masculine nouns ending
in ’ऋ’ which take their
Vibhakti  forms as
indicated above:
कर्तृ doer   क्रेतृ
seller   गन्तृ one who
goes छेत्तृ one who cuts   जेतृ  winner ज्ञातृ knower  द्रष्टृ  seer   द्वेष्टृ one who
hates   धातृ one who
supports नियन्तृ controller  नेतृ  leader अभिनेतृ actor श्रोतृ  one who hears सवितृ sun स्रष्टृ creator
हर्तृ one who
snatches होतृ one who offers ghee into fire in sacrifices.  

Sri P R Ramamurthy Ji was the author of this website. When he started this website in 2009, he was in his eighties. He was able to publish such a great number of posts in limited time of 4 years. We appreciate his enthusiasm for Sanskrit Literature. Authors story in his own words : http://ramamurthypr1931.blogspot.com/

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